Conference Presentations (since 2021):

  • Brielle Pierre Philippe, Gianna Lauretano, Ethan Beri, Etan J Markus (2026). Competition In Female Rats: Dynamics And Stability. Eastern Psychological Association Meeting, Boston.
  • Ethan Beri, Abi Sadinsky, Ty Wrenn, Etan Markus (2026).  Evaluating Dyadic Interactions As Predictors Of Observational Learning Success In Rats. Eastern Psychological Association Meeting, Boston.
  • Srinitya Kamma, Brielle Pierre Philippe, Ty Wrenn, Etan Markus (2026). Observational Learning In Rats: Impact Of Observer Social Dominance. Eastern Psychological Association Meeting, Boston.
  • Abigail Sadinsky, Alissa Christensen, Ethan Beri, Brielle Philippe, Srinitya Kamma, Gianna Lauretano, Etan Markus (2026). When Is Dinner? Comparing Subjective Time Perception In Rats. Eastern Psychological Association Meeting, Boston.
  • Etan J Markus, Ethan Beri, Ty Wrenn, Meera Jindal, Maria Garbin, Zaynab Faisal (2025). Individual Differences in Observational Learning in Rats.  Society For Neuroscience, San Diego
  • Ty Wrenn, Nithila Annadurai, Meera Jindal, Maria Garbin, Bailey Morte, Sheela Tavakoli, Alexandra Paxton, Etan J Markus (2024). What Constitutes Successful Observational Learning? Understanding Social and Behavioral Factors. Society For Neuroscience
  • Ty Wrenn, Ryan Troha, Nithila Annadurai, Alex Paxton, Etan J. Markus (2023). Dynamical Processes In Rat Observational Learning. IBNS (International Behavioral Neuroscience Society Conference).
  • Troha, S. Lee, M. Anam, B. Morte, S. Tavakoli, E. Markus (2023). Hippocampal Place Cell Firing In A Changing Aversive-Appetitive Environment – Comparison Along The Longitudinal Axis. Society For Neuroscience
  • Wrenn, R. Troha, N. Annadurai, A. Paxton, E. J. Markus; (2023). Understanding Dyadic Processes In A Rat Observational Learning Model. Society For Neuroscience
  • Ryan Troha, Mandira Gowda, Sheela Tavakoli, Etan J. Markus (2022). The effect of demonstrator-observed identity in rat observational learning.  SFN annual conference
  • Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Ryan Troha, Ian H. Stevenson, and Etan J. Markus (2022). Comparing spatial processing in the rat dorsal and intermediate hippocampus. SFN annual conference
  • Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Saheeb Ahmed, Logan Horbal, Thomas Pietruszewski, Qingli Hu, Etan J. Markus (2021). Social factors influence solo and dyad male rat pairs during novel open field exploration. SFN annual conference, Chicago
  • Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Ryan Troha, Qingli Hu, Ian Stevenson, Etan J. Markus (2021).  Dorsal and ventral hippocampus cell firing patterns in response to novel stimuli. SFN annual conference, Chicago
  • Ryan Troha, Mandira Gowda, Julia Levin, Anna Buzzanca, Qingli Hu, Etan J Markus (2021).  Social learning in a novel operant conditioning paradigm in rats.  SFN annual conference, Chicago
  • Ryan Troha, Alison Guy, Mandira Gowda, Siddhe Patel, Sucika Perumulla, Etan J Markus (2021).  Hippocampal function in a changing aversive-appetitive environment.  IBNS (International Behavioral Neuroscience Society conference).
  • Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Brian Timmerman, Riley Pflomm, Nikita Roy, Mahathi Kumar, and Etan J. Markus (May, 2021).  Impact of medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus inactivation on sequential order memory.  APS (Association for Psychological Science).

Research Articles:

  • Troha R, Lee SLT, Anam M, Tavakoli S, Morte B, Stevenson IH and Markus EJ (2025). Differences in firing patterns along the dorsal-intermediate hippocampal axis in a fixed route during a change in emotional context. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 19:1632849. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2025.1632849
  • Lee SLT (g), Timmerman B (ug); Pflomm R (ug); Roy N (ug); Kumar M (ug), Markus EJ. (2023). Sequential order spatial memory in rats: Characteristics and impact of mPFC and hippocampus inactivation. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2023 Apr;200:107739. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107739. Epub 2023 Feb 21.PMID: 36822465
  • Ryan Troha, Mandira Gowda, Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Etan J Markus (2023) Observational learning in rats: Interplay between demonstrator and observer behavior.  Journal of Neuroscience Methods. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109807.
  • Shang Lin (Tommy) Lee, Saheeb Ahmed, Logan Horbal, Thomas Pietruszewski, Qingli Hu, Etan J. Markus (2022). Social factors influence solo and rat dyads exploration of an unfamiliar open field. Animal Cognition. doi: 10.1007/s10071-022-01664-y
  • Troha RG, Dong D, Markus EJ. (2020). Observational learning of a shifting goal location in rats: Impact of distance, observed performance, familiarity, and delay. J Neurosci Methods. Apr 1;335:108617. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108617. Epub 2020 Jan 31. (IF 2.75)
  • Lee SLT, Lew D, Wickenheisser V , Markus EJ. (2019). Interdependence between dorsal and ventral hippocampus during spatial navigation. Brain Behav. 2019 Oct;9(10):
  • Astur R; Purton AJ; Zaniewski MJ; Cimadevilla J, Markus EJ (2016). Human Sex Differences in Solving a Virtual Navigation Problem. Behavioural Brain Research 308:236-243
  • Jacobson TK, Schmidt B, Hinman JR, Escabí MA, Markus EJ. (2015). Age-related decrease in theta and gamma coherence across dorsal ca1 pyramidale and radiatum layers. Hippocampus 25(11):1327-35
  • Penley SC, Hinman JR, Long L, Markus EJ, Escabi MA, Chrobak JJ (2013). Novel space alters theta and gamma synchrony across the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus.  Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience Vol 7: Article 20
  • Schmidt, B., Hinman, J. R., Jacobson, T. K., Szkudlarek, E., Argraves, M., Escabí, M. A., & Markus, E. J. (2013). Dissociation between dorsal and ventral hippocampal theta oscillations during decision-making. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(14), 6212–24. [PDF]
  • Jacobson, T. K., Howe, M. D., Schmidt, B., Hinman, J. R., Escabí, M. A., & Markus, E. J. (2013). Hippocampal theta, gamma, and theta-gamma coupling: effects of aging, environmental change, and cholinergic activation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 109(7), 1852–65. [PDF]
  • Schmidt, B., Papale, A., Redish, A. D., & Markus, E. J. (2013). Conflict between place and response navigation strategies: Effects on vicarious trial and error (VTE) behaviors. Learning & Memory, 20(3), 130–8. [PDF]
  • Schmidt, B., Satvat, E., Argraves, M., Markus, E. J., & Marrone, D. F. (2012). Cognitive demands induce selective hippocampal reorganization: Arc expression in a place and response task. Hippocampus, 22(11), 2114–26. [PDF]
  • Penley, S. C., Hinman, J. R., Sabolek, H. R., Escabí, M. A., Markus, E. J., & Chrobak, J. J. (2012). Theta and gamma coherence across the septotemporal axis during distinct behavioral states. Hippocampus, 22(5), 1164–75. [PDF]
  • Schmidt, B., Marrone, D. F., & Markus, E. J. (2012). Disambiguating the similar: The dentate gyrus and pattern separation. Behavioural Brain Research, 226(1), 56–65. [PDF]
  • Jacobson, T. K., Gruenbaum, B. F., & Markus, E. J. (2012). Extensive training and hippocampus or striatum lesions: effect on place and response strategies. Physiology & Behavior, 105(3), 645–52. [PDF]
  • Satvat, E., Schmidt, B., Argraves, M., Marrone, D. F., & Markus, E. J. (2011). Changes in task demands alter the pattern of zif268 expression in the dentate gyrus. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(19), 7163–7167. [PDF]
  • Sink, K. S., Segovia, K. N., Collins, L. E., Markus, E. J., Vemuri, V. K., Makriyannis, A. & Salamone, J. D. (2010). The CB1 inverse agonist AM251, but not the CB1 antagonist AM4113, enhances retention of contextual fear conditioning in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 95(4), 479–84. [PDF]
  • Swetter, B. J., Fitch, R. H., & Markus, E. J. (2010). Age-related decline in auditory plasticity: experience dependent changes in gap detection as measured by prepulse inhibition in young and aged rats. Behavioral Neuroscience, 124(3), 370–80. [PDF]
  • Sink, K. S., Segovia, K. N., Sink, J., Randall, P. A, Collins, L. E., Correa, M., Markus, E. J., Vemuri, V. K., Makriyannis, A., Salamone, J. D. (2010). Potential anxiogenic effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists in rats: comparisons between AM4113, AM251, and the benzodiazepine inverse agonist FG-7142. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 20(2), 112–22. [PDF]
  • Schmidt, B., Jacobson, T. K., & Markus, E. (2009). Hippocampal and striatal dependent navigation: sex differences are limited to acquisition. Hormones and Behavior, 56(2), 199–205. [PDF]
  • Hodges, D. B., Lindner, M. D., Hogan, J. B., Jones, K. M., & Markus, E. J. (2009). Scopolamine induced deficits in a battery of rat cognitive tests: comparisons of sensitivity and specificity. Behavioural Pharmacology, 20(3), 237–51. [PDF]
  • Sabolek, H. R., Penley, S. C., Hinman, J. R., Bunce, J. G., Markus, E. J., Escabi, M., & Chrobak, J. J. (2009). Theta and gamma coherence along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101(3), 1192–200. [PDF]
  • Oler, J. A., Penley, S. C., Sava, S., & Markus, E. J. (2008). Does the dorsal hippocampus process navigational routes or behavioral context? A single-unit analysis. European Journal of Neuroscience, 28(4), 802–12. [PDF]
  • Sava, S., & Markus, E. J. (2008). Activation of the medial septum reverses age-related hippocampal encoding deficits: a place field analysis. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28(8), 1841–53. [PDF]
  • Tropp Sneider, J., Chrobak, J., Quirk, M., Oler, J., & Markus, E. (2006). Differential behavioral state-dependence in the burst properties of CA3 and CA1 neurons. Neuroscience, 141(4), 1665–77. [PDF]
  • Oler, J. A., Ramos, R. L., Penley, S. C., & Markus, E. J. (2005). Hippocampal and amygdalar involvement in discriminatory place learning. Neuroscience, 132(1), 1–12. [PDF]
  • Tropp, J., Figueiredo, C. M., & Markus, E. J. (2005). Stability of hippocampal place cell activity across the rat estrous cycle. Hippocampus, 15(2), 154–65. [PDF]
  • Sava, S., & Markus, E. J. (2005). Intramaze cue utilization in the water maze: effects of sex and estrous cycle in rats. Hormones and Behavior, 48(1), 23–33. [PDF]
  • Astur, R. S., Tropp, J., Sava, S., Constable, R. T., & Markus, E. J. (2004). Sex differences and correlations in a virtual Morris water task, a virtual radial arm maze, and mental rotation. Behavioural Brain Research, 151(1-2), 103–15. [PDF]
  • Tropp, J., & Markus, E. J. (2001). Effects of mild food deprivation on the estrous cycle of rats. Physiology and Behavior, 73(September 2000), 553–559. [PDF]
  • Tropp, J., & Markus, E. J. (2001). Sex differences in the dynamics of cue utilization and exploratory behavior. Behavioural Brain Research, 119(2), 143–154. [PDF]
  • Oler, J., & Markus, E. (2000). Age-related deficits in the ability to encode contextual change: A place cell analysis. Hippocampus, 10(3), 338–50. [PDF]
  • Oler, J. A., & Markus, E. J. (2000). Age-related deficits in episodic memory may result from decreased responsiveness of hippocampal place cells to changes in context. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 911(1), 465–470. [PDF]
  • Ward, M. T., Oler, J. A., & Markus, E. J. (1999). Hippocampal dysfunction during aging II: Deficits on the radial-arm maze. Neurobiology of Aging, 20, 373–380. [PDF]
  • Ward, M. T., Oler, J. A., & Markus, E. J. (1999). Hippocampal dysfunction during aging I: Deficits in memory consolidation. Neurobiology of Aging, 20, 363–372. [PDF]
  • Oler, J., & Markus, E. (1998). Age-related deficits on the radial maze and in fear conditioning: Hippocampal processing and consolidation. Hippocampus, 8(4), 402–415. [PDF]
  • Markus, E. J., & Zecevic, M. (1997). Sex differences and estrous cycle changes in hippocampus-dependent fear conditioning. Psychobiology, 25(3), 246–252. [PDF]
  • Markus, E., & Qin, Y. (1995). Interactions between location and task affect the spatial and directional firing of hippocampal neurons. The Journal of Neuroscience, 15(November), 7079–7094. [PDF]
  • Markus, E. J., Petit, T. L., Leboutillier, J. C., & Brooks, W. J. (1994). Morphological Characteristics of the Synapse and Their Relationship to Synaptic Type : An Electron Microscopic Examination of the Neocortex and Hippocampus of the Rat. Synapse, (17), 65–68. [PDF]
  • Markus, E. J., Barnes, C. A., McNaughton, B. L., Gladden, V. L., & Skaggs, W. E. (1994). Spatial information content and reliability of hippocampal CA1 neurons: Effects of visual input. Hippocampus, 4(4), 410–21. [PDF]
  • Skaggs, W. E., McNaughton, B. L., Gothard, K. M. and Markus, E. J. (1993) An information-theoretic approach to deciphering the hippocampal code. In: S.J. Hanson, J. D. Cowan and C.L. Giles (eds) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5, San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp. 1030-1037.
  • McNaughton B.L., Chen L.L., and Markus E.J. (1991). “Dead Reckoning,” landmark learning, and the sense of direction:  A neurophysiological and computational hypothesis.  Cog. Neurosci. 3: 190 – 202.
  • Petit T.L., LeBoutiller J.C., Markus E.J., and Milgram N.W. (1989). Synaptic structural plasticity following repetitive activation in the rat hippocampus.    Neurol., 105: 72-79.
  • Markus E.J., and Petit T.L. (1989). Synaptic structural plasticity: the role of synaptic shape. Synapse 3: 1 – 11.
  • Markus E.J., Petit T.L., and LeBoutiller J.C. (1987). Synaptic structural change during development and aging.  Brain Res. 35:239-248.
  • Markus E.J., and Petit T.L. (1987). Neocortical synaptogenesis, aging, and behavior: Lifespan development of the motor-sensory system in the rat.  Neurol. 96:262-278.

Book Chapters:

  • Skaggs W.E., McNaughton B.L., Gothard K.M., and Markus E.J. (1993). An information-theoretic approach to deciphering the hippocampal code. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5, S.J. Hanson, J.D. Cowan, and C.L. Giles eds, Morgan Kaufmann Pub., California, pp 1030-1037.
  • Ivy G.O., MacLeod C.M., Petit T.L. and Markus E.J. (1992). A Physiological framework for perceptual and cognitive changes in aging. In Handbook of Aging and Cognition, Craik F.I.M. and T.A. Salthouse eds., Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., pp 273-314
  • Petit T.L., and Markus E.J. (1987). The cellular basis of learning and memory: The anatomical sequel to neuronal use. In Neural Plasticity, Learning and Memory, Milgram NW, MacLeod C, and Petit TL (Eds.), Academic Press, N.Y., pp 87-124.